Lipopolysaccharide- and lipoteichoic acid-induced tolerance and cross-tolerance: distinct alterations in IL-1 receptor-associated kinase.

Morphine-induced analgesic tolerance is associated with alteration of protein kinase Cγ and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 genes expression in rat lumbosacral cord and midbrain

Introduction: Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) are involved in sensitization/desensitization to noxious stimuli. We aimed to examine the gene expression levels of TRPV1 and PKCγ in rat lumbosacral cord and midbrain on days 1, 4 and 8 of induction of morphine analgesic tolerance. Methods: Two groups of male Wistar rats received ...

A variety of microbial components induce tolerance to lipopolysaccharide by differentially affecting MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways.

Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a hypo-responsive state to a second challenge with LPS that is termed LPS tolerance. LPS tolerance is also induced by pre-exposure to lipopeptides and lipoteichoic acid, which trigger Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated signaling. LPS signaling involves at least two pathways: a MyD88-dependent cascade that is essential for production o...

Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in THP-1 cells and endotoxin shock in mice.

In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (pLTA) on LPS-induced MAPK activation, NF-kappaB activation, and the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1R-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) was examined. The expression of the pattern recognition receptor and the survival rate of mice were also examined. pLTA pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase. It...

Lipoteichoic Acid Via Different Toll-Like Lipopolysaccharide and Highly Purified Induction of Cross-Tolerance by

NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ATTENUATE TOLERANCE INDUCED BY MORPHINE AND NERVE LIGATION IN MICE

The effect of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonists on tolerance to morphine antinociception was investigated in mice. Daily subcutaneous administration of 50 mg/kg of morphine hydrochloride for three days induced tolerance to different (3,6 and 9 mg/kg) test doses of morphine. The tolerance obtained was decreased by pretreatment of animals with single or repeated doses of compe...